Law Schools, Women's Issues

Stat Of The Week: The Pill = More Women Lawyers?

In 1970, women made up 10% of first-year law students. Today, just under half of first-year law students are women. Is it because more women are using birth control pills?

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In 1970, women made up 10% of first-year law students. Today, just under half of first-year law students are women. Within that same time frame, the age of first marriage dropped and the pill became more widely diffused among single women rather than just married women. What was the effect on women’s careers in the law?

Here’s a summary of a Harvard study on the topic:

The fraction of U.S. college graduate women entering professional programs increased substantially just after 1970, and the age at first marriage among all U.S. college graduate women began to soar around the same year. We explore the relationship between these two changes and the diffusion of the birth control pill (“the pill”) among young, unmarried college graduate women. Although the pill was approved in 1960 by the Food and Drug Administration and spread rapidly among married women, it did not diffuse among young, single women until the late 1960s after state law changes reduced the age of majority and extended “mature minor” decisions. We present both descriptive time series and formal econometric evidence that exploit cross-state and cross-cohort variation in pill availability to young, unmarried women, establishing the “power of the pill” in lowering the costs of long-duration professional education for women and raising the age at first marriage.

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