[W]omen who do ask for raises tend to be disliked, and often end up making lower starting salaries.
Stereotypes are that women are supposed to be modest and self-effacing. [W]hen men ask for raises they’re also often seen as negotiating for their families. So it may seem selfless for a man to negotiate for a raise because after all he has to support his family, whereas a woman, she’s just a prima donna on an ego trip.
To the extent that white men kind of get a pass on swagger, that’s denied to other people.
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— Professor Joan Williams of UC Hastings Law, author of What Works for Women at Work (affiliate link), commenting on wage and raise inequality based on gender and race in a New York Times Op-Talk blog post. Williams goes on to note that even if a woman is the family breadwinner, she stereotypically won’t be seen as holding that type of role.